Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density (Li-ion) are indispensable for powering electric and hybrid cars, next-generation electronics and power grids. These Li-ion batteries contain cathodes with high energy density based on transition metal oxides. Among many investigated potential materials, the LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode has been shown to deliver the best performance at a high potential of 4.5 V versus Li/Li+ with high reversible capacity.
At such high potentials, however, the carbonate species in commercial electrolytes – ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate – undergo excessive oxidative decomposition. This in turn forms a thick cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the cathode surface, which greatly compromises performance. Consequently, researchers have explored electrolyte additives as a way to limit performance degradation by masking and stabilizing the cathode surface. However, available alternatives pose safety and environmental hazards.
Recently, a team of researchers, led by Professor Noriyoshi Matsumi from the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), microbially synthesized 2,5-dimethyl-3,6-bis(4-aminobenzyl)pyrazine (DMBAP), a bio- based compound, as a potential additive to stabilize the LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes. What sets their approach apart is the fact that, unlike existing additives, DMBAP is sustainable, environmentally friendly, cost-effective and non-toxic.
The team consisted of former university lecturer Rajashekar Badam, postdoctoral fellow Agman Gupta and doctoral student Noriyuki Takamori from JAIST, together with professor Naoki Takaya, assistant professor Shunsuke Masuo and former doctoral student Hajime Minakawa from the University of Tsukuba in Japan. Their findings are published in the journal Scientific Reports.
“Although biomass-derived materials attract both researchers and society in general, their applications in electrical devices, including lithium-ion batteries, are still limited. This study focuses on new microbial metabolites, especially the unique pyrazine-derived diamine DMBAP from the gene cluster of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, discovered in collaboration with Prof. Masuo. Its role as an electrolyte additive could impact the fields of sustainability and smart cell industry,” explains Prof. Takaya, talking about the motivation behind the study.
An initial theoretical evaluation revealed that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the DMBAP molecule was located in a higher position compared to a general electrolyte. This allowed it to easily oxidize at the cathode surface and form a protective layer over it. In addition, the diamine in DMBAP prevented the dissolution of CEI.
The team additionally performed a detailed electrochemical evaluation of DMBAP for further analysis. The HOMO band energy was confirmed using linear sweep voltammetry, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed C-N=C peaks indicative of oxidative electropolymerization. Cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge studies showed that the DMBAP additive stabilized the LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode by improving the battery’s rate capability, cyclic stability, coulombic efficiency, and capacity retention. Furthermore, dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments demonstrated the formation of a low interfacial resistance CEI.
Based on these results, the team concluded that DMBAP underwent sacrificial oxidative decomposition, forming an organic passivation armor on the cathode surface. This in turn limited excessive electrolyte degradation and stabilized the structure of transition metal oxides on the cathode. In fact, this good phenomenon increases the operating potential window of the LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode to 4.5 V versus Li/Li+. Moreover, the stabilizing effect of DMBAP on the battery system was remarkable for both half-cell and full-cell configurations.
“Microbially prepared pyrazine-amine compound DMBAP will increase the performance of lithium-ion secondary batteries that are essential for next-generation electric vehicles and drones. It will also promote wider utilization of bio-based resources in large-scale automotive industry. Furthermore, bio-based materials for energy storage devices will double reduce emissions of carbon dioxide — during production and operation,” says Prof. Matsumi, discussing the future benefits of their work.
As with other rechargeable lithium cells, it is necessary to use non-aqueous electrolytes due to the reactivity of water with lithium and lithium-containing negative electrodes. The non-aqueous electrolytes have conductivities that are much lower than aqueous electrolytes.
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What are the 7 electrolytes?
Electrolytes found in your body include:
- Sodium.
- Potassium.
- Chloride.
- Calcium.
- Magnesium.
- Phosphate.
- Bicarbonate.
What are the 5 most important electrolytes your body needs? The most important electrolytes include sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium and magnesium. These five nutritional elements are minerals, and when minerals are dissolved in water they separate into positive and negative ions.
What are the eight electrolytes? The primary electrolytes that your body uses to perform these vital functions are sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, chloride, and bicarbonate ( 1 ). The concentration of electrolytes in the blood and other body fluids is kept within a very tight range.
What is the most important electrolyte? Sodium, which is an osmotically active cation, is one of the most important electrolytes in the extracellular fluid. It is responsible for maintaining the extracellular fluid volume, and also for regulating the membrane potential of the cells.
What is used as electrolyte in battery?
The electrolyte used in car batteries is sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
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Why are electrolyte additives used in lithium-ion batteries?
For better battery performance, the additives are able to: (1) facilitate solid electrolyte interface/interphase (SEI) formation on the surface of graphite, (2) reduce irreversible capacity and gas generation for SEI formation and long-term cycling, (3) improve the thermal the stability of LiPF6 against the organic …
What does the electrolyte solution do in a battery? The electrolyte provides a medium through which charge-balancing positive ions can flow. As the chemical reaction at the anode produces electrons, in order to maintain a neutral charge balance on the electrode, a corresponding amount of positively charged ions is also produced.
What are electrolyte additives? Electrolyte additives are a promising solution with suitable additives enabling a compact and uniform electrodeposition of zinc, which improves the life cycle of the battery by allowing more complete dissolution of the zinc deposit and maintaining the Zn(II) concentration at a stable level.
What is the function of the electrolyte used in Li-ion batteries? A lithium-ion battery uses liquid electrolytes. It allows lithium ions (Li) to move between anode and cathode, stabilizes cathode and anode surfaces, extends battery life and improves cell performance. It plays a central role as one of the four most important components in a battery.
Do laptops have lithium batteries?
Common examples of lithium-ion batteries include laptop/tablet batteries, phone batteries and rechargeable camera batteries. Some common examples of lithium metal batteries include watch batteries and some non-rechargeable camera batteries.
Can I ship a laptop with a lithium battery? In the event that the package cannot be shipped directly from the retailer, you can ship most lithium batteries and consumer electronic devices containing lithium batteries – including power banks, laptops, tablets and mobile phones – safely and easily if certain precautions are taken. taken.
Does the laptop battery contain lithium? Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable and used in consumer devices such as mobile phones and laptops; larger lithium ion batteries are used in e-bikes and electric vehicles.
Can I bring my laptop on a plane if it has a lithium battery? Lithium batteries, which power everyday devices, can catch fire if damaged or if the battery terminals are shorted. Devices containing lithium metal batteries or lithium ion batteries, including “but not limited to” smartphones, tablets, cameras and laptops, should be stored in carry-on luggage.
How do I know if my laptop has a lithium battery?
One of the easiest ways to find out what kind of battery you have is to turn off and unplug your laptop and then remove the battery to look at it. Most batteries will have a set of printed information including battery type, model number, part number, voltage and charging current.
What type of battery does my laptop use? Almost all laptops today use a Li-ion battery, but some, especially older ones, use a NiMH or Ni-Cad battery.
How do you know if a device has a lithium ion battery? These batteries can be difficult to distinguish from normal alkaline battery sizes, but can also have specialized shapes (eg button cells or coin batteries) for specific equipment, such as some types of cameras: look for the word “lithium” on the battery to help identify identify them.
Do all laptops contain lithium batteries?
Batteries contained in components Most of your electronic devices have lithium-ion batteries. This includes smartphones, laptops, tablets, cameras and strobe heads.
Are most laptop batteries lithium? Today, most modern laptops have lithium ion or lithium polymer batteries. These batteries do not suffer from the memory effect and therefore do not require you to discharge the batteries to nothing to break them in.
Does HP laptop have a lithium battery?
Over the years, HP has used a wide variety of battery technologies to power its portfolio of consumer and commercial notebook computers. Today, lithium-ion polymer batteries are the battery of choice for HP to give you the best experience.
What kind of battery is in the HP laptop? DENAQ – 6-cell lithium-ion battery for select HP notebooks.
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